Ubuntu: Creating a trusted CA and SAN certificate using OpenSSL There are numerous articles I’ve written where a certificate is a prerequisite for deploying a piece of infrastructure. This article will guide you through creating a trusted CA (Certificate Authority), and then using that to sign a server certificate that supports SAN ( Subject. Create a Certificate Signed by a Certificate Authority. To have full functionality of the BeyondTrust software and to avoid security risks, it is very important that as soon as possible, you obtain a valid SSL certificate signed by a certificate authority (CA). While a CA-signed certificate is the best way to secure your site, you may need a. May 07, 2019 Linux/Mac: cp myCA.key myCA.key.withpwd Windows: copy myCA.key myCA.key.withpwd. Export the CA key without a password. This is useful so you don't have to keep track of the password and/or use a script to sign self-signed SSL certificates. Openssl rsa -in myCA.key.withpwd -out myCA.key. Convert the CA certificate from.PEM to.CRT format. For your use case, if you generate a self-signed certificate for a specific service, whether it has the CA flag (basic constraints extension) doesn't really matter. You would need it to be a CA certificate to be able to issue other certificates (if you want to build your own PKI). Aug 22, 2014 The following are instructions to export a CA signing root certificate and key from a Microsoft CA server 2003. There are several steps in this process. It is crucial that each step is followed. It is sufficient to have a certificate in your client key database file that is marked as a trusted root. If the Certification Authority (CA) that issued the server's certificate is not already defined in your client key database, you need to request the CA's certificate from the CA, receive it into your key database, and mark it as trusted.

• Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Keys
• Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Password
• Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key Chain
• Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Key
• Generate Certificate Keytool
• Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Irma

Creating a new key, with a self-signed root CA

This should only be done once, in a clean directory. The key and certificate is needed for each app.

1. Generate root CA (private key and public key).

The -des3 option forces it to use a password. You don't want someone hijacking your root CA and signing stuff.

2. Add CA key to machine.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms733813%28v=vs.110%29.aspxSection: Installing a Certificate in the Trusted Root Certification Authorities Store

Create a new certificate

1. Create both a certificate signing request and a key.

Need to use an app-specific config file here, where 'CN=localhost.ssl'

2. Create a new certificate

This also generates a rootCA.srl file, which I assume is only needed the first time, but is definitely needed.

3. Make off with your new files (server.key, server.csr, server.crt).

Renew a certificate

###1. Check if the certificate is expired

2. Create a certificate signing request from the existing key

2. Create a certificate

3. Verify the new certificate (should end with OK)

4. Replace the old certificate with the new one, and delete the csr

Helpful Resources

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The Application Gateway v2 SKU introduces the use of Trusted Root Certificates to allow backend servers. This removes authentication certificates that were required in the v1 SKU. The root certificate is a Base-64 encoded X.509(.CER) format root certificate from the backend certificate server. It identifies the root certificate authority (CA) that issued the server certificate and the server certificate is then used for the TLS/SSL communication.

Application Gateway trusts your website's certificate by default if it's signed by a well-known CA (for example, GoDaddy or DigiCert). You don't need to explicitly upload the root certificate in that case. For more information, see Overview of TLS termination and end to end TLS with Application Gateway. However, if you have a dev/test environment and don't want to purchase a verified CA signed certificate, you can create your own custom CA and create a self-signed certificate with it.

Note

Self-signed certificates are not trusted by default and they can be difficult to maintain. Also, they may use outdated hash and cipher suites that may not be strong. For better security, purchase a certificate signed by a well-known certificate authority.

In this article, you will learn how to:

• Create your own custom Certificate Authority
• Create a self-signed certificate signed by your custom CA
• Upload a self-signed root certificate to an Application Gateway to authenticate the backend server

Prerequisites

• OpenSSL on a computer running Windows or Linux

  While there could be other tools available for certificate management, this tutorial uses OpenSSL. You can find OpenSSL bundled with many Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu.

• A web server

  For example, Apache, IIS, or NGINX to test the certificates.

• An Application Gateway v2 SKU

  If you don't have an existing application gateway, see Quickstart: Direct web traffic with Azure Application Gateway - Azure portal.

Create a root CA certificate

Create your root CA certificate using OpenSSL.

Create the root key

1. Sign in to your computer where OpenSSL is installed and run the following command. This creates a password protected key.

2. At the prompt, type a strong password. For example, at least nine characters, using upper case, lower case, numbers, and symbols.

Create a Root Certificate and self-sign it

1. Use the following commands to generate the csr and the certificate.

   The previous commands create the root certificate. You'll use this to sign your server certificate.

2. When prompted, type the password for the root key, and the organizational information for the custom CA such as Country, State, Org, OU, and the fully qualified domain name (this is the domain of the issuer).

Create a server certificate

Next, you'll create a server certificate using OpenSSL.

Create the certificate's key

Use the following command to generate the key for the server certificate.

Create the CSR (Certificate Signing Request)

The CSR is a public key that is given to a CA when requesting a certificate. The CA issues the certificate for this specific request.

Note

The CN (Common Name) for the server certificate must be different from the issuer's domain. For example, in this case, the CN for the issuer is www.contoso.com and the server certificate's CN is www.fabrikam.com.

1. Use the following command to generate the CSR:

2. When prompted, type the password for the root key, and the organizational information for the custom CA: Country, State, Org, OU, and the fully qualified domain name. This is the domain of the website and it should be different from the issuer.

Generate the certificate with the CSR and the key and sign it with the CA's root key

1. Use the following command to create the certificate:

Verify the newly created certificate

1. Use the following command to print the output of the CRT file and verify its content:

2. Verify the files in your directory, and ensure you have the following files:

   • contoso.crt
   • contoso.key
   • fabrikam.crt
   • fabrikam.key

Configure the certificate in your web server's TLS settings

In your web server, configure TLS using the fabrikam.crt and fabrikam.key files. If your web server can't take two files, you can combine them to a single .pem or .pfx file using OpenSSL commands.

IIS

For instructions on how to import certificate and upload them as server certificate on IIS, see HOW TO: Install Imported Certificates on a Web Server in Windows Server 2003. Windows 7 product key generator enterprise.

For TLS binding instructions, see How to Set Up SSL on IIS 7.

Apache

The following configuration is an example virtual host configured for SSL in Apache:

NGINX

The following configuration is an example NGINX server block with TLS configuration:

Access the server to verify the configuration

1. Add the root certificate to your machine's trusted root store. When you access the website, ensure the entire certificate chain is seen in the browser.

   Note

   It's assumed that DNS has been configured to point the web server name (in this example, www.fabrikam.com) to your web server's IP address. If not, you can edit the hosts file to resolve the name.

2. Browse to your website, and click the lock icon on your browser's address box to verify the site and certificate information.

Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Keys

Verify the configuration with OpenSSL

Or, you can use OpenSSL to verify the certificate.

Upload the root certificate to Application Gateway's HTTP Settings

To upload the certificate in Application Gateway, you must export the .crt certificate into a .cer format Base-64 encoded. Since .crt already contains the public key in the base-64 encoded format, just rename the file extension from .crt to .cer.

Azure portal

To upload the trusted root certificate from the portal, select the HTTP Settings and choose the HTTPS protocol.

Azure PowerShell

Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Password

Or, you can use Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell to upload the root certificate. The following code is an Azure PowerShell sample.

Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key Chain

Note

The following sample adds a trusted root certificate to the application gateway, creates a new HTTP setting and adds a new rule, assuming the backend pool and the listener exist already.

Verify the application gateway backend health

Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Key

1. Click the Backend Health view of your application gateway to check if the probe is healthy.
2. You should see that the Status is Healthy for the HTTPS probe.

Generate Certificate Keytool

Next steps

Generate Ca Certificate From Ca Key And Irma

To learn more about SSLTLS in Application Gateway, see Overview of TLS termination and end to end TLS with Application Gateway.